Thursday, 16 November 2017
paper 3
To Evaluate my presentation
Click Here
Click Here
Paper 3 literary criticism and Literary terms from Mehul Dodiya
See this Presentation on my You tube channel
See this Presentation on my You tube channel
Thursday, 2 November 2017
The Neo-Classical Literature
Name :
Dodiya Mehul Maheshbhai Roll
Number : 29 Sem :
1 Enrollment number :
2069108420180011 Submitted
to : Puja Ma’am Paper
Name : The
Neo-Classical Literature University :
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar University
Question: What
is Anti-sentimental comedy? Write a note on the reflection of society in R. B.
Sheridan’s Play?
If we want to know what is Anti sentimental comedy, first of all we have to know its begging. Its term started to the age of Neo-Classical Age. The term Neoclassicism is a combination of two words: Neo and Classic. The word neo has been derived from a Greek word neos, which means young or new, while the word classic, according to the Webster Dictionary, refers to the style and works of the ancient authors of Greece and Rome. To combine these words, we get the meaning of Neoclassicism as the rebirth and restoration of Classicism. Hence, Neoclassicism is the movement in the history of English literature, which laid immense emphasis on revival of the classical spirit during the period between 1680 and 1750 in the age of Pope and Dryden. It is a prototype of Classicism. Writers of this period immensely endeavoured to follow the footpaths of the writers of the period of Augustus, emperor of Rome, which produced unparalleled writers as Horace, Virgil and Ovid. That is the reason; the age of Pope and Dryden is also called Augustan Age.
Neoclassical
Poetry is a type of poetry, which follows the pattern of poetry authored by the
poets of ancient time i.e., Greek and Rome. Pope and Dryden were the leading
writers, who deviated from the traditional schools of poetry and sought
guidance in the works of ancient Greek and Roman writers. They tried to follow
the writers of the antiquity in letter and spirit in the Augustan Age. According
to Britannica Encyclopaedia:
"Classicism and Neoclassicism, in the arts, historical
tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and Rome in
antiquity. In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art
produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity;
Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by
antiquity. Thus the terms Classicism and Neoclassicism are often used
interchangeably."
The
period we are studying is known to us by the name, the Age of Queen Anne; but,
unlike Elizabeth, this “meekly stupid” queen had practically no influence upon
English literature, so the name Classic or Augustan Age is more often
heard because the poets and critics of
this age believed in the works of the Latin writers, as Pope writes in Essay in
Criticism:
“Learn
hence for ancient rules a just esteem
To copy nature is to copy them.”
Poetry of the Classical school is the product of the intelligence
playing upon the life. It is exclusively a ‘town’ poetry made out of the
interests of ‘society’ in the great centres of culture, which makes it an age of prose and reason.
It was now a fashion with the poets to follow (human) Nature, and Pope was its
greatest protagonist:
“First follow Nature, and your judgement frame
By her just standard,
which is still the same”.
The qualities such as mystery, imagination, romanticism, came to be
discounted and replaced those related to reason and logic. It was for the first
time that theoretical as well as practical criticism of drama, poetry, essay,
and novel appeared, such as Pope’s
Essay In Criticism, Addison’s Spectators, Johnson’s Preface To Shakespeare.
“The idea of the modern novel seems to have been worked out largely”, says
Long, in Augustan Age, in which, the classic Heroic couplet was perfected by
Pope whose “ten thousand verses’ marvellously varied within their couplets,
crown the experiments of a century,” Tillotson in The Rape of the Lock and The
Dunciad. However the percept and epigram, the satire and the Mock-heroic of the
Age might have been discarded by the subsequent generations of the writers, but
its gift of novel continued long after the Augustan Age had gone out of
fashion.
o
The
Sentimental Comedy
The sentimental comedy did not last long. The
sentimental soon degenerated into sentimentality. This change gradually
manifested itself in the advent of sensibility to replace wit and immorality in
the comedy. In this sentimental comedy of Colley Cibber and Steele there was
conventional morality and sentimentality in place of grossness of the
restoration comedy. These dramatists dealt with the problems, of conduct,
family and marriage in a tone that will no longer shock decorum and by virtue
of tears they cause to flow, they contributed to the edification of souls.
These dramatists aimed at preaching some moral lessons by restoring suffering
innocent virtue to happiness and converting rogues into good characters. Thus
these comedies lost the true spirit of comedy. There are no gaiety and innocent
mirth created by wit and fun. Instead, these plays served the false morality of
the middle class.
o
The
Anti Sentimental Comedy
An anti-sentimental comedy is
also called “Comedy of Manners”. When Sentimental comedy did not last long,
that time anti-sentimental comedy was created by “Oliver Goldsmith” and
“Richard Sheridan”. It is an artificial comedy, arose during 18th century. The
dramatist of this period wrote plays according to middle class family and their
interest. It is kind of comedy representing
complex and sophisticated code of behaviour current in fashionable circles of
society, where appearance count for more than true moral character. Its plot
usually revolves around intrigues of lust and greed, the self-interested
cynicism of the characters being masked by decorous preteens Oliver Goldsmith’s
“SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER” and Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s “THE RIVALS”&
“SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL “are from the Anti-sentimental comedy. We can see that
Sheridan’s play how they reflect the Society.
“The
Rivals” is a Comedy of Manners by Irish-born dramatist and statesman Richard
Brinsley Sheridan. The five-act play first premiered in 1775, marking
Sheridan’s work as a standout piece of eighteenth-century theater. The comedy
was not always so well-received, however. After its initial premier, it was
roundly criticized and dismissed as subpar craft. Needing funds and intent on
his writing, Sheridan learned from his mistakes with the initial premierence.
He cut the work by an hour, strengthened the characters and premiered a practically
new comedy, which was well a received, and which is the version now performed
and read. Comedies such as“The Rivals” are a product of their time, often in fused
with the prevailing thought of the day. As such, one would expect Sheridan’s play
to be filled with the moralezing sentimentalism that much of eighteenth-century
theater produced. Sheridan departed from this didactic form of comedy, however,
creating what Oliver Goldsmith himself labeled as “laughing comedy.” This new
type of comedy trumped the dismal sentimental comedy, providing audiences with
a fresh take on morals and a new manner of viewing life. The characters in “The Rivals” are
stock caricatures. As such, they represent various aspects of human folly. For
an eighteenth-century play on morals, however, Sheridan’s play is still as
fresh and funny today as when it brought audiences to laughter in Sheridan’s
day. Indeed, the term “malapropism,” which is still in use to this day, was actually
coined from one of the characters in the play, Mrs. Malaprop. As the term
suggests, Mrs. Malaprop is known for using sophisticated words or fancysounding
ones in the wrong contest.
The play itself makes good work of satirizing
the pretensions of its day. The larger tropes of false identities and romantic
complicacy, along with parental disapproval, are played out against ridicouslly
sentimentality. In addition to Mrs. Malaprop, the characters include Lydia
Languish, whose head has been inundated with nonsense from her penchant for
romantic novels; Captain Jack Absolute, who is in love with Lydia; Sir Anthony
Absolute, Jack’s father; Sir Lucius O’Trigger, a rambunctious Irishman; and Bob
Acres, who is Jack’s neighbor and somewhat of a simpleton in love with Lydia. Captain
Jack wishes to woo Lydia, and so attempted to do so by pretending to be a
penniless ensign named Beverley. This ruse almost causes Bob Acres and Captain
Jack to fight one another in a duel. The deception also causes a number of
other comical turns. Captain Jack is also rejected by Lydia’s aunt, Mrs.
Malaprop, who provides much of the comedy with her misuse of words. Things are
eventually resolved in true dramatic form, but not before the caricatures of
human folly weave their tale of comical farce.
Sheridan’s “The Rivals” provides many themes
both in its creation as a work and its reception as a well-liked piece of
literature. Sheridan’s own struggles with failing and then succeeding show just
how important it is not to give up on one’s dreams. Had it not been for
Sheridan’s tenacity, “The Rivals” would not exist as it does, and more likely
than not, would have been lost to time like many other plays of the
eighteenth-century. The work itself shows how deception and attempts to be
other than what one is can often have poor consequences. Instead of duping
others with one’s character or words, it is best to approach situations with
the truth. It is the truth that is eventually revealed at the end of an ordeal,
and it is the truth, at least according the “The Rivals,” that furthers the
plot of one’s life in the direction it is meant to go.
Sources
TO EVALUATE MY ASSIGNMENT CLICK HERE
Literary Criticism and Literary Terms
Question:
Have
you studied any tragedies during B.A/ M.A. programme? Who was/ were the Tragic protogoiest’s in those
tragedies ? what was theire ‘Hamartia”?
· Introduction
When I was in B.A. Programme, I studied many Tragedies.
Like Hamlet, Samson Agoniest, Isabella the Plot of Basil etc. I would like
Compare Tragic Flaw (Hamartia) with ‘Samson Agoniest’. Which is written by John
Milton. John Milton was born in London in 1608. He was the son of John milton
and Sarah jeffrey. Milton’s father was a scrivener and a music composer. He
studied at Paul’s School and Christ’s College, Cambridge. At Cambridge , Milton
Known as a “The lady of Christ’s”. During his Cambridge years, Milton became
friend with Edward King, to whome he later dedicated an elegy, ‘Lycidas’.
At Cambridge, Milton also wrote a number of poems such as
‘On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity’, his ‘Epitaph on the admirable Dramatick
Poet, William Shakespeare’. Perhaps during the Cambridge Period were also
written his companion poems, ‘L’Allegro’ and ‘II Penseroso’. ‘L’Allegro’ meant
‘the happy man’ while ‘II Penseroso’ meant ‘the melancholy man’. After
completing his masters, Milton retried to Hammersmith, his father’s new home.
In 1638, he embarked on a tour to france and Italy. Four year later, he marred
Mary Powell, Who was almost half his age. Their relationship did not succeed
and gave Milton inspiration to write his divorce tracts, which argued for
separation on grounds of incompatibility. Milton later married twice again: Katherine Woodcock
in 1656, who died giving birth in 1658 and Elizabeth Minshull in 1662. During
this period, he wrote ‘Eikonoklastes and Defensio Pro populo Anglicano.
After
the Restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, Milton was arrested as a defender of thr Commonwelth, fined and
soon released. He spent the rest of his life writteng his most famous works,
“Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Somson Agonistes. Milton Died of gout in
November, 1674 and the Church of St Giles, Cripplegate.
vDifferance Between
Shakespeare’s Tragedy and Aristotle’s Tragedy
Aristotle’s poetics is the earliest survivin work of dramatic theory, and this work is a good source to examine Aristotle’s views on tragedy. A tragedy is characterized by seriousness.
Aristotle’s poetics is the earliest survivin work of dramatic theory, and this work is a good source to examine Aristotle’s views on tragedy. A tragedy is characterized by seriousness.
Aristotle’s Tragey
|
Shakespeare’s Tragedy
|
Aristotle’s
tragedy has a Single plot.
|
Shakespeare’s
Tragedy has a several plots.
|
There
are only few character in aristotle’s Tragedy.
|
There
are many characters in Shakespearean Tragedy.
|
Aristote’s
tragedy had a chorus.
|
Shakespearian
tragedy has replaced the chorus the chorus with a comic scene.
|
The
protagoniest learns the truth of the situation or comes to realization about
himself in aristotle’s tragedy.
|
The
protagoniest does not always gain self knowledge.
|
vSamson
Agonistes
Samson
Agonistes is a closet drama by John Milton. Samson Agonistes Combines Greek
tragedy with Hebrew Scripture, which alters both form. Milton believed that
Bible was better in classical form than those written by the Greek and Romans.
In his introduction, Milton discusses Aristotle’s Definition of tragedy and sets
out his own paraphrase of it to connect it to Samson Agoniest. Let’s We compare
How the Samson Agonistes follow Aristotle’s describing tragedy. Samson
Agonistes appeared with the publication of Milton’s Paradise
Regain’d in 1671. Samson Agonistes draws on the story of Samson from the Old
Testament, judge, in fact it is a dramatisation of the story starting at Judge.
The drama starts in medias res. Samson has been captured by the philistines,
had his hair, the containerof his strength, cut off and his eyes cut out. Samson
is “Blind among enemies, O worse than chains” and at last he gave freedom Israel with his death.
vAristotle’s Tragedy
Aristotle
asserts that any tragedy can be divided into six component part, an that every
tragedy is made up of thpse six parts with nothing else beside. Threr is ,
1. Plot
2. Character
3. Diction
4. Song
5. Thought
6. Spectacles
Aristotle
says that a well formed plot must have beginning, middle to end. A beginning is
not necessary stars with any previous action,
but middle follows logically from the beginning. An end, which follows
logically from middle and afterwards no further action takes place. There must
be unity in the structure of the plot. There should be no loose ends.
Samson
agonist is Tragedy Closet Drama. It also has beginning , middle and End.
Samson Agonists started with the Israel. Philistine has ruler of the Israeline.
And there people have praying god to saving them life from Philistine army.
Once upon the samson got a blessing from God and they gave Super human power
him. And Samson became more powerful and strangeful man. But God has led to
some special Rules and warn him to that...
“
You should not Touch dead body”
“You
should not Drink Wine”
“
Don’t shaving and Cut him hair”
“
Don’t tell this Secret to another”
After getting super
power, Philistine army Horrified from Samson. They did not face him in font him.
According to Aristotle its also has middle ( climax).
Samson Agonistes also has a climax. When Samson fall down in Dalilah’s Love,
and he married with her. But in the reallity is that Dalilah has send by
Philistine army to knowing his power’s Secrets. And she also succeed her
mission and she knowing his secret. Once upon
when somson in sleeping in his badroom, Dalilah Cut his hair and he lost
his super human power. And dalilah called philistine’s Army and sent him
imprison. There were he faced many problem they torcher him. They cut his eyes
etc. The end of the story Philistine’s army
Celebrate the holy them Festival and
that day the realise all thr prisoner and give to oppertuinity for shawing them
power. Samson’s Father gives him full information about these celebration.
Samson is granted the power to destroy the temple and kill all of the
philistines along with himself. However, this event does not take a place on
stage but is told through other. When the temple’s destruction is reported,
there is an emphasis on the Death and not peace.
vCharacter
There were only four
character are introduced in this poem. Such as Samson Agoniests, Dailiah,
Manoa, Harpha and other people like Philistine Army (Soldier, officer), The
Chorus and isralite.Samson is the main
Character of this poem, and he is a biblical character adapted by Milton in his
poem. Some critics note that John Milton wrote this character on his person
life. Because When the philistine army arrested him, They make him blinded and
Milton’s actual life his also became a Blind etc there were main theme are
mingled with Milton Personal Life. Dailah is a beautiful
young philistine lady. She were sended by Philistine army to knowing Secret to
samson power. And she also succeed her plan and after them married she sharping
minded she cheat him and cut his hair and inform Philstine army but after the
torcher, and making blinded her husband she apologies Samson. Manoa is the father of
Samson. He is typical father, loving his son despite his faults yet loyal to
god. He wants to save Samson but he refuses to let his father do it. He blames
God for being too cruel in punishing his son but Samson advises hi, not to
Blame God. Harpha is a Gaint who
comes to insult Samson who is in prison.
Harpha refuses to fight samson
some who is weak and without real power.
vWhat
is Hamartia in Samson Agoniest?
Hamartia is the tragic flaw or error that reverses a protagonist’s Fortune from good to bad. Hamartia is derived from the greek phrase hamartane in meaning “to err” or “to miss the mark”. Hamartia includes character flaw such as excessive in tragic consequences. Hamartia is main element of the classic a complicated story to arise and develop. For basic understanding of hamartia, though, consider these short story. Hamartia shapes the tragic plot. Without a fatal flaw, the protagonist would continue to live a flourishing life with little to no difficulty. Its the flaw that causes his or her good fortune, usually at the most climactic point in the plot. Hamartia emotionally- changes the tragic narrative, instilling pity and awe in the audience. The tragic hero is imperfect and therefore relatable to the audience, as we all have flaws. The dramatic and tragedy effects of the flaw may serve as a moral lesson, showing the negative effects of hamartia that is un harnessed and yields terrible results. Such as,
A classical example is from william Shakespeare’s the Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of venice. Othello claims that he has not meant tp cause so much pain, but that he has loved too much, meaning his love caused his jealosusy which has in turn driven him to extremes.
Second Example is Macbeth, the only thing that leads Macbeth to action is overwhelming ambition which pushes him forward faster and faster, ultimately leading to his tragic end.
Hamartia is the tragic flaw or error that reverses a protagonist’s Fortune from good to bad. Hamartia is derived from the greek phrase hamartane in meaning “to err” or “to miss the mark”. Hamartia includes character flaw such as excessive in tragic consequences. Hamartia is main element of the classic a complicated story to arise and develop. For basic understanding of hamartia, though, consider these short story. Hamartia shapes the tragic plot. Without a fatal flaw, the protagonist would continue to live a flourishing life with little to no difficulty. Its the flaw that causes his or her good fortune, usually at the most climactic point in the plot. Hamartia emotionally- changes the tragic narrative, instilling pity and awe in the audience. The tragic hero is imperfect and therefore relatable to the audience, as we all have flaws. The dramatic and tragedy effects of the flaw may serve as a moral lesson, showing the negative effects of hamartia that is un harnessed and yields terrible results. Such as,
A classical example is from william Shakespeare’s the Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of venice. Othello claims that he has not meant tp cause so much pain, but that he has loved too much, meaning his love caused his jealosusy which has in turn driven him to extremes.
Second Example is Macbeth, the only thing that leads Macbeth to action is overwhelming ambition which pushes him forward faster and faster, ultimately leading to his tragic end.
The
Third Example is Achilles, the legendary hero of Greek mythology, was a nearly
invulnerable warrior with one widely known fatal flaw: the heel that his mother
held him by when she dipped him into the
river Styx to make him strong. The heel
ended up being his undoing. Today and “Achilles’ hee;” refers to anyone’s fatal
flaw or hamartia.
Forth
Example is Samson Agoniest written by John Milton. Samson is another Bible
Character whose fatal flaw was related to a woman. His love for Dalilah a
wicked woman who was paid by the philistines to find the source of samsons
great strength. When he finally revealed that his strength was due to his long
hair, Dalilah’s servant shaves his hair and his strwngth is taken away from
him.
We
know that Samson was a angle of god, who has super human power. Philistine hav
ruler of Isaels and they torcher them. Once upon a time Manoa amd hps wife pray
to God for saving them life from Philistines army. And that time God’s Angle
passing there and they boon them and Manoa’s give a brith a super human power’s
Son, Samson. And the angle also put some condition to his power that, Don’t
Drink wine, Don’t tell his secert, Don’t shave and don’t Cut him hairs Etc.
Samson became a hero of isaeral and the Philistine do not face Samson that way
they send Dalilah to knowing his secret and also Samson fall in Dalilah’s Love
and he married with him and Once upon she Succeed to knowing his secret his
strength and she cut his Hairs and Samson became ordinary man. And Philistine
put him into the Prison and they became blind him. Sometime after Daliah also
feel guilty and she understood her mistake and she also came to meet him in
prison, but Samson did not forget his mistake. Beacuase she is reasom of his death. If Samson did not tell his secret
his strength, now he dont in imprion, he don’t now a blind.
Thus, Samson Agoniest is closet Dramma. It
is base on Biblical Story. It written in
poem form. We can find hubris and hamartia and Tragic hero and another many
elements of Tragedy.
vSource
Indian Writing in English
Name
: Dodiya Mehul Maheshbhai Roll
Number :
29 Sem
: 1 Enrollment number :
2069108420180011 Submitted
to
: Milan Parmar University
: Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar University
Question: Write a critical note on R.K. Narayan as a
Novelist.
Indian Literature in
English begin the work of Michael Dutt and his followers like R. K. Narayan,
Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. R. K. Narayana’s Full Name is Rasipuram
Krishanswami Iyer Narayanswami. Who was give his unvaluable contribution to
Indian English Literature. He was born in 1906 in a village Rashipuram, in
Mandras. His father’s name was krishna Swami. He settled down in mysore. His
mother tongue is tamil, but in mysore the regional language is kannada he
writes in english ‘R’ in his name represents the name of his village and ‘k’
the name of his father. While other brothers and sisters went to mysore with
their parents, he was left behind with his grandmother. After completing his
early education, he went to england for higher education. He failed in high
school examination in 1924 and in intermediate examination in 1927. He got
graduation in 1930 effect on his personality. He was fond of reading different
type of book and listening stories. He worked as a clerk to support his family.
But he was not satisfied. So,he accepted the work of a teacher in a village
school.
He
found it boring because he wanted to be a writer. Though he wrote in english,
but he had the emotional link with his mother land. He made jounalism his
career. He wrote for newspapers and magazine. In 1935, he met a beautiful girl
rajam and fell in love with her. He kept a proposal before her father to marry
her.They got married. Hema was his only daughther, who was loved by her
parents. After the marrige, his career ran on a high speed, but after four
years of marrige, she died. He was shocked at her death. He died in 2001.
ü His Achievements
1. He
won sahitya academy awards for the guide in 1960.
2. He
was awarded padma bhusan.
3. He
was awarded honorary d literature by the university of leeds.
4. He
was awarded benson medal.
5. He
is calleds a regional novelist. Malgudi, an imaginary town is located in mysore
state. His immortal characters are swami margayya and raju, rosie(the hero and
heroine of guide).
- Swami and Friends 1935
- 2. The Bachelor of Arts 1937
- 3. The Dark room 1938
- 4. The English Teacher 1945
- 5. Mr. Sampath 1948
- 6. The Financial Expert 1952
- 7. Waiting for Mahatma 1955
- 8. The guide 1958
- 9. Man eater of Malgudi 1961
- 10. The Vender of sweets 1967
- 11. Painter of Sign 1977
- 12. Talkative Man 1986
- 13. The World Of Nagraj 1990
- 14. Gradmother’s Tale 1992
- 15. A tiger for Malgudi 1983
Let me discuss some
kind of Characteristics of Narayan’s Novels.
·
Arts and Technique
The Art and technique is primary basis for novelist. We can find in Narayan’s skill of sound management of the narrative. He is painstaking artist, though he wrote the social- economic anxiety and it is major theme of his novel. His novel chiefly interesting till to end. And we also find his novels Present to past and Past to Present techniques, which reveals his good craftsmanship.
·
Realistic
We can say that R. K. Narayan is a Realist and presents the contempory society realistically. His strength lies to realism and not a romance. He describes the life of Raju as Tourist in his Novel ‘The Guide’. And after narayan describe this characters as a Astrologer, The manager. Everywhere he changes but his main theme is the Guide a Railway Raju. Mr. Sampath, He gives the Detail of Film producer/ If he describe the Life of Proffesor of English. He doesnot depended on outside life a class room.
·
Objectivity
As a Novelist Narayan Believes in objectivity which is too difficult to maintain. He has good command on objectivity. Narayan Always talk about the Indian Culure and society. His attraction for a typically Indian tradition of story telling. He doesnot take side and his novels have no message to deliver. He does not preach, and try to convict and try to point out the right from the wrong, he leaves the reader to see that for himself.
. Social Preference
Narayan most of write his dream village the malgudi. Its his imagination’s Village. He majority write on Indian Tradition and Village culture. We find in the Guide’s Hero and Heroin, Raju and Rosie. Raju always simultaneously along with economic conflict. In the Raju-Rosie-Marco triangle, there is an artistic beauty of order. He is also one of the very few professional Indian writers as K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar tells us, “It is not easy to make a living in India as a man of letters.” His novels offers presentation of the life of south Indian manners, mental activities, social matters, custom and traditions and the geographical features.
·
Common People and Common Situation
Narayan Mainly describing his novel a simple hero and heroine. Such as raju and Savitri, Ramani, Rosie and other his novels character we find it’s nature is too simple. And also his/her situation also simple and comman. Like Railway Raju became a Guide after Saint. We find in this character Raju run out behind the money.
R. K. Narayan’s plot do not follow any standardized formula, because he starts with an idea of character and situation and the plot progresses on the lines he he conceives to be the logical development of the idea. It may mean no marriage, no happy ending and no hero of standardized stature. Incidents, coincidences, and sudden reversal of fortune are used only to a very limited scale. His action mainly develops logically from the acts and actions of his characters. In this respect, Narrayan is as much a Materialist. He began it a tentative and episodic manner in Swami and Friends but developed an architectonic sense in his second novel, The Bachelor of Arts, and his third, The Dark Room, reveals definite signs of technical maturity. His predilection for the fantastic. Suggested in the Bachelor of Arts, became quite prominent with the English Teacher. Generally, his plots split into two parts the realistic and the fantastic. Its not always that Narayan succeeds in fusing the two into an organic plot. He is eminently successful in The Financial Experts, The Guide, The Man-Eater of Malgudi and The Painter sign but not so in Mr. Sampath, Waiting for Mahatma or The Vendor of Sweets. However, these technical inadequacies cannot detract him from his inventive ingenuity. Even the most loosely constructed of his plots such as waiting for the Mahatma and Mr. Sampath are highly enjoyable in parts in the fashion of Dickens’s novels. Let me introduce his some Famous Novels.
Swami and Friends were given an early sight of the humor which runs through Narayan’s novels. One of the features of British colonialism was the export of cricket, a game which strikes North Americans as being opaque and slow moving. But that time that Swami was written, cricket was more than justasport– it stood ,quite absurdly, for the whole ethos of an empire .Thus although we see Swami raised to heights of indignation by a political orator laments the passivity of his countrymen which has allowed them to be dominated by an alien power ,when it comes to cricket the boy is sufficiently enthusiastic to spend some time trying to explain what the game is all about to his aged grandmother. This comic scene, like so much of Narayan’s humor, has a strong poignancy. The grandmother represents the old India , a world in which cricket is not played.Her ignorance of the rules is a vivid metaphor for the extent to which the old and the new India are different worlds.The cricket episode also allows Narayan to portray the naive aspirations of the boys.This is a familiar the main many of his works, where some any of the characters are striving for something which is often just beyond their grasp.
2. The Guide
The Guide is one of the notable work of R. K. Narayan, which through Narayan gets a ‘Sahitya Akademi Award’. The guide also represent in Film Industry. The film Guide was released in 1965, based on Narayan’s Novel “The Guide”. It starred Dev Anand as Raju, Waheeda Rehman asa Rosie, Kishor sahu, and Leela Chitnis in the lead roles. The story begin with the Railway Raju, who occupite is Guide. But Raju do not know the touriest place and the history of the place. Oneday he meets Mr. Marco and his wife Rosie. There he finds that Rosie and Marco’s querral ful Relation, because Rosie wants to became a Dancer. But Marco does not want that. Raju successfully inspire her. And she leaves Marco and start her life as a Dancer and Raju become her Stage manager. However, develops an inflated sense of seld-importance and tries to control her life. He wants to build as much wealth as possible. Raju gets involve in a case of forgery and gets a two year sentence. After complete his sentence he went to village and sleep under the tree. There known person give a orenge blanket and there people believe that he is Sadhu. There were he started his life as a Sadhu, a spiritual Guide. Since he doesn't want to return in disgrace to Malgudi, he decides to stay in an abandoned temple, close to the village. There is a famine in the village and Raju is expected to keep a fast in order to make it rain. Raju confesses the entire truth about his past to Velan, who had developed a complete faith in Raju like the rest of the villagers. With media publicizing his fast, a huge crowd gathers (much to Raju's resentment) to watch him fast. After fasting for several days, he goes to the riverside one morning as part of his daily ritual, where his legs sag down as he feels that the rain is falling in the hills. The ending of the novel leaves unanswered the question of whether he died, and whether the drought ended.
Ø Source
EVALUATE MY ASSIGNMENT Click Here
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)