Give general Estiment og Fanon’s “Black skin, white Masks’

— Name                : Dodiya Mehul M.

— Roll No             : 23

— Enrollment No  : 206910840120011

— Class                 : M.A. Sem 3

— Paper Name     : The Post Colonial  Literature

— Question       : Give general Estiment of Fanon’s “Black skin, white Masks’

— Words               :  1554

—  Percentage       :

— Year                  : 2017/19

— Submitted to     : Smt. S.B.Gardi Department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University

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Question : A Critical Analysis of Black Skin White Masks     by Frantz Fanon

Frantz Fanon was a psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer from the French colony of Martinique, whose works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory, and Marxism. Fanon's contributions to the history of ideas are manifold. He is influential not only because of the originality of his thought but also because of the astuteness of his criticisms. He developed a profound social existential analysis of antiblack racism, which led him to identify conditions of skewed rationality and reason in contemporary discourses on the human being. Fanon published numerous books, including The Wretched of the Earth (1961). This influential work focuses on what he believes is the necessary role of violence by activists in conducting decolonization struggles.

Post-Colonialism, actually is an academic discipline featuring the methods of intellectual discourse that analyze, explain and respond  to the cultural legacies of colonialism and of imperialism, to the human consequences of controlling a country and establishing settlers far the economic exploitation of the  native people and their land. The post-colonialism questions and reinvents the modes of cultural perception the way of viewing and of being viewe As a critical theory, post – colonialism presents, explains, and illustrates the ideology and the praxis of neo-colonialism, with examples drawn from the humanities history and political science, philosophy and Marxist theory, sociology, anthropology, and human geography, the cinema, religion, and theology; feminism, linguistics’ and post colonial literature of which the anti- conquest narrative garners presents the stories of colonial subjugation of the subaltern man and woman Frantz Fanon was influenced by a variety of thinkers and intellectual traditions including Jean-Paul Sartre, Lacan, Negritude and Marxism. He was influenced by Aime Cesaire, a leader of the negritude movement, was teacher and mentor to fanon on the island of Martinique. Fanon referred to Cesaire’s writings I his own work. He quoted, for example, his teacher at length in

   “They lived experience of the Black man “

     a heavily anthologized essay form Black Skin,White Masks. Fanon‘s works influeced thr  Liberation movements of the Palestinians, Tamils, African Americans and others. His work Influenced Africans literatur  “His revolutionary ambitions’ cu  Short by leukemia in 1961, psychoanalyst and Philosopher Frantz Fanon red by the time of His death amassed a body of critical work that today establishes his position as a leading theoreticia Of black consciousness and identify, nationalism and Its failings, colonial rule and the inherentl “ violent” task of decolonization , language as  an Index of power, miscegenation, and the objectification of the per formative black body. Fanon‘sBurgeoning popularity and influence and morerecent postcolonial readings  of black liberation and nationalism perhaps sever as an index of hiscentrality to the movement for the Algerian self determinations    in the 1950 ‘ s that was shaped his diverse career as a political activist and critic. ““Black Skin, White Masks “is a Book about the mindset of psychology of racism. There are many chapters like,

1.      The Negro and Language  

2.      The Woman of Color and the White Man

3.      The Man of Color and the White Woman

4.      The So-called Dependency Complex of the colonized peoples

5.      The fact of Blacknes

6.      The Negro and Psychopathology

7.      The Negro and Recognition

8.      By way of conclusion

Acording to “The negro is not: Any more than the White Man”. In Fanon’s words, his writing “exposes an utterly naked declivity where an authentic upheaval can be born Fanon’s agonizinged self- images performance spell-bound “I had to meet the white man’s eyes. An unfamiliar weight budened me. In the white world the man of colour encounters difficulties in the development of his bodily schaema….I was battered down by tom-toms, cannibealism, intellectual deficiency deficaiency, racial defects…I take myself for off from my own presence…what else could it be for me but an amputation, an excision a hemorrhage that spattered my whole body with  black bleed?”thus “Black Skin, White Masks “That it rarely historicizes the colonial experience. There is no master narrative or realist perspective that provide a background ofo social and historical facts against which emerging the problems of the individual or collective psyche. Such a traditional sociological alignment of self and society or history and psyche is rendered questionable in fanon’s identification of the colonial subject who is historicizing as it come to be heterogenerously inscribed in the texts of history literature science, myth, the colonial subject is ‘always’ over determined from without.”

Fanon explores the relation between race, language, and culture. For Fanon, languages provides entry into a culture, so when someone speaks French, they are taking on the French culture. But when Black people speaking French, they are always reminded they can never be fully French. Somehow we can connected with norman ruler in early age that time also franch became a language of rich and countrier’s language and english is a poor language but now the defination of that is totally changed the Language of English or white man became a superior and the other is inferior. Fanon observed that Black women may take a white lover in order to get access to a white culture that has more advantages and privileges. Similarly, Black men may consider white women gatekeepers to culture, and marrying a white woman provides a feeling of having married all the beauty, education, and wealth that whiteness stands for in racist societies. But because Black people can never leave behind the fact of their Blackness, fleeing from their race is also fleeing from themselves.  Black people internalize their oppression as a personal failure, this is when an inferiority complex arises. It is also constantly reinforced in everyday life in racist societies, because Black people are constantly reminded they are Black first and people second.  Fanon explores how people might move beyond this situation in which Black people are depicted as inferior and often develop a feeling of inferiority as well. He dismisses theories by other psychiatrists that would solve the neurosis of an individual Black man by asking him to adjust his expectations and face reality. Instead, he wants social solutions that transform the racist society that produced conditions of inequality to begin with. Black people need to be encouraged to transform society by demanding humanity from white people, asserting freedom, and building a future freed from the subjugation of the past. Fanon throughout the book deals with the inner struggle of black when they were colony ‘the black man and language’ deals with language. Here we saw the ideal of blackness, notion of desire, idea of identity, what is humanism?, 0-Other, self ego, civil rights, human rights, self desire, the idea of Negritude, idea of darkness. For him- Black is attitude, attitude comes from culture. The idea of Blackness,The idea of identity, Notion of desire, The idea of Negritude, The idea of Darknes, Other,  Hate, feeling Self,  Self (play) (desire) ego ideal, Black-Mulatto-White, There are two such women: the Negros and the mulatto. The first has only one possibility and one concern: to turn white. The second wants not only to turn white but also to avoid slipping back. What indeed could be more illogical then a mulatto woman’s acceptance of a Negro husbands? For the understood once and for all that it is a question of saving the race. Fanon noticed that “when people came back from France after receiving their university education they would speak in painfully perfect French and act as if they no longer knew Creole. Why was that?” by the way, Fanon says he has only one rights and one duty. 1) The rights to demand human behavior from the other, 2) The duty to never let his decisions renounces his freedom, Black Skin, White Masks is a unique work of art. It deals with much aspect like a man’s search of identity race prejudice that prevails all over the world and in our century too. The whites addressed the third world people as others they wanted to civilize to others them humiliated others. They treated us as if we were ignorant ant and animal’s non white means not human but savage-this is what they believed. Black always tried to be white they did not respect their culture but ram madly after white culture they were made o believe themselves to be inferior to the colonizers. The colonizers believed to be far.

Thus, Frantz work present hybridists, syncretistic, creolizaion, national and religious peculiarity, abrogation, appropriation, rewriting of history and much more many Indian novelist work like Tagore’s “Gora” can be compared with this book as far as social moral and political issues are considered. Own Dalit literature also can be kept in mind while referring “The Black Skin White Masks.”

Works Cited

GradesSaver. Black skin white mask. n.d. 3 nov 2018.

Vajani, Bhumi. A Critical Analysis of Black Skin White Masks. 24 feb 2014. assignment. 3 nov 2018.

Wikipedia. Black Skin, White Masks. 9 Sept 2018. 3 Nov 2018.